Monthly Archives: February 2022

How Algorithms Work To Divide Society, and How To Prevent It

Almost everyone has a phone or a smart TV, a tablet or iPad, or even a smart toothbrush and smart mirror. We are more connected to each other than ever before, but division in society persists and worsens. With billions of people using the same apps, watching the same videos, and hearing the same sounds, one would think we would have unlimited exposure to consistently new ideas and information. However, anyone with TikTok knows that it shows you select things that the algorithm thinks you’ll like. This, however, does not only happen on social media websites to make sure you receive the cutest dog videos or the hottest makeup challenges. It results in a huge amount of division in society in a number of ways, and its effects are seen everywhere you look. 

Social media is pretty much essential if you want to avoid seeming like you live in a sewer. For online businesses, social media is the easiest and cheapest way for you to establish your brand and gain new customers. For celebrities, it is a fun way to engage with your fans in ways that you couldn’t before. For individuals, it is a way to follow people and brands you like and keep up with family and friends. However, we have been studying and feeling the negative effects of social media for years now, and the truth isn’t as pretty as all those filters would make you believe. First off, the filters themselves serve as a wonderful destructor of young people’s self-esteem. They change your facial features in subtle ways that trick your mind into thinking your body is ugly when you take the filter off. 

Another way that social media contributes to ill mental health is increasing the fear of missing out (FOMO), especially in young people. You see all your friends going to a party but you didn’t go, and it makes you feel left out and divided from the group. Similarly, while you compare yourself to filters and friends, you are also comparing yourself to celebrities who have tons of experience, money, and makeup (not to mention probably age differences). You begin to feel as if your life is less important or cool than theirs, when it really isn’t. This constant state of comparison gives you a sense of not belonging or becoming an outsider. 

Outside of social media, algorithms work to control what information you have access to and influence what you spend money on and where you spend it. Every media site and search engine has algorithms that show the most popular or “relevant” information at the top of the first page. These would normally go by number of clicks and how many people actually use these websites. However, once search engines and media sites figured out that they can charge money for people to show up first when people look for certain things, they began to take advantage of it (sensibly so). It is a good way for people to get their brand or company noticed, but it stops those who work just as hard from gaining the same attention by putting money first. Since studies show that the subconscious mind picks up far more information than the conscious mind, advertisements are valuable ways to sneak into people’s minds so they think of you when they look at a certain product or need a service. The purpose of advertising is to sell the consumer’s attention. This wouldn’t be bad if two important defining things didn’t happen: ranking of importance according to money paid for advertising and continuous streams of advertisements from the same rich companies.

Companies that are already well-established have a really bad habit of snatching up any good advertisement space they can. For example, Walmart has spent around 2 billion US dollars every year since 2009 except from 2011-2014, which was at 1.81 and 1.94 billion. And that’s just in the United States of America alone! How about Nike? In 2019 they spent 1.47 billion dollars for advertisement in the USA and 3.75 billion worldwide. As a result, you see their ads almost everywhere you look. In flyers, newspapers, news sites, social media, and on search engines. They pay their way constantly into your mind so you become a reliable income source for them. This creates a cycle of putting more money into ads and gaining more money from the consumers that see those ads. But, when you have billions of dollars to spare because you don’t pay your workers a living wage, it totally makes sense to use this on advertising so you can crush any small competitors before they even think of starting up. The more advantaged you are, the more advantaged you’ll continue to get. Since there aren’t any limits or rotations for frequency or size of certain companies’ ads, the big ones will be able to continue being the most prevalent. This doesn’t sound like a fair competition to me. You see the same ads from the same companies where you are already shopping so you cannot know about other, cooler, maybe better places that you could shop at. 

When you allow the permissions for apps and websites on your phone or computer, what do you think they use that information for? Most of the time, they use it to show you more content similar to stuff you search for and view often. This is how the algorithms on social media and search engines work. It is so personalized and advanced that they can see books and objects in the background of images and show them to you and other people who have seen other videos or pictures with similar books in them. 

Now, this may not, on the surface, seem like all that bad of a thing. If you like dog videos, why not see more cute dog videos? If you like tractors, why not see some ads for tractors? However, when our minds get used to seeing or hearing the same content over and over, we begin to think that it is inevitable and the only thing there is. This is the same thing that happens with myths (stay tuned for a future, more detailed post). Your brain hears the same thing over and over again and starts to believe it due to frequency rather than knowing that it isn’t true due to accuracy. It is also how you get a song stuck in your head, or keep on thinking of a joke after you’ve heard it a million times. For news and general informative content, this causes serious division between groups in society. 

People who enjoy different things are exposed to different kinds of information. They continue to see the same kinds of information, which often opposes the information that another group is exposed to. When people don’t get access to all sides of a story, they latch onto what they know and think of it as the truth. When people are exposed to different sides of the truth and their brains won’t help them piece together the whole truth, they disagree. This is caused by algorithms, social media, big advertising, and censorship in the media. Unfortunately, some of these things are very hard to avoid due to the need to make money, talk to people who aren’t in your area, or buy things. 

We are constantly consuming. We are consuming products, information, and advertisements all the time because of our electronics, connected lifestyles, and jobs. This isn’t a bad thing if we are careful, but there are negatives in everything. If we try to make the good outweigh the bad by trying to find new types of information from new perspectives, making sure we take mental health breaks, and by communicating with others in person as much as possible, we can reduce some of the negative effects of these practices and items on us. We can stop dividing ourselves in society and hating each other,and instead focus on common problems. 

Until next time, keep thinking outside the box, and keep reading in between!

Why A Lot of People Don’t Want (and Can’t Afford) for the Convoys to Give Up Now

Are you thankful that you are a woman and have the right to vote and run for office? Are you thankful that you have the legal ability to get a safe abortion, even if you don’t want to or don’t have easy access? Are you thankful that you or your family members can be openly gay without facing legal persecution? Are you happy that you are able to choose which company you work for or that you have the right to start your own business? There are still inequalities and issues with carrying out these rights sometimes, but the structures are there for you to be able to call them out and advocate for change. You may not personally be affected by these rights, and you may not have experienced life without these helpful structures, but they mean wonders to those who would have a terrible life without them. I know I am happy that I can vote, and protest, and choose to have children or not. 

However, we often take these things for granted. Some of us have not yet experienced the feeling of helplessness that comes with rights being denied, or the feeling of rage that comes with government control of your body, or the fear of going out in public wearing a gay pride pin. How about the feeling of dread when your kids are taken from you to be shipped to a school that may kill them? Or maybe the pain that comes as your child dies during birth because you didn’t have access to healthcare that could have saved them or at least terminated them before this event. We have so many privileges and basic rights, even if they are more sound in principle than in practice, that make it so we usually don’t have to worry about these things happening to us. However, when these things do happen to us, we have the ability and the rights in place to allow us to do what we can to change things for future generations. 

This is happening right now with many issues, but there is significant division over which is more important. I am going to frame it in terms that show the relative significance of each issue when you look at it in a dynamic way. 

In 2020 and the few years before it, there were gatherings of Indigenous people on public roadways to protest the building of pipelines to carry oil through their land. They were met with resistance, and it eventually resulted in the creation of Bill 1 in Alberta. This is the Critical Infrastructure Defence Act, and it can be used to stop blockades, protests, or similar activities that the government says is harming essential infrastructure and causing public safety issues, social, environmental, and economic consequences. This bill made it so the Indigenous could no longer protest on public roadways, and it effectively allowed the government to put their concerns on the back burner. This should not have happened, and these people should have been heard.

In 2018, during the Pride parade in Edmonton, protesters halted the parade in the middle of it to bring light to their issues with uniformed police involvement in the event. The LGBT+ community has a long history of butting heads with police in the US and Canada, mainly because of the countries’ history of homophobia and discriminatory criminalization of deviant acts related to homosexuality. Now, gay marriage is legal in Canada and the US, and anti-discrimination laws are being put forward in most places in these two countries, but there are still some issues that affect the racialized and marginalized members of the queer community. One of these issues is police violence against racialized , particularly black and Indigenous, members of the community. These protesters stopped the parade to have their voices heard after other forms of communication failed, and there was backlash about it. Because of this social and political conflict, the 2019 parade was cancelled. This was another way that the people with larger amounts of power silence the voices of citizens who disagree with the mainstream. 

Fast-forward to 2022, when convoys begin happening country-wide to protest the vaccination mandates that the government has put in place for many workers, mainly sparked by their mistake of being unclear about those mandates affecting truckers. Unvaccinated or partially-vaccinated against COVID-19 truckers will be turned away at the border under the mandates that were not communicated clearly or with ample enough time for people to digest the information and comply. This sparked a reaction from Canada’s very large trucker community, for a lot of reasons. Many of the people involved in the protests are those who have already lost their jobs due to the pandemic or the mandates, those who see the injustices of this issue, and those who want life to go back to normal (which may be almost everyone). The tactics of these protests are simple; by blocking important routes and traversing the country, they can get the attention needed to get a meeting with the prime minister, Justin Trudeau, to lift the mandates and restore personal choice over medical procedures. That is their goal. However, only days after hearing of the convoy’s plans to meet and negotiate their wishes, Trudeau became a close contact to a COVID case and decided to self-isolate (which was not necessary according to Ontario public health measures at the time). Trudeau did not meet with the truckers, has not heard from them what their purposes are, and has instead tried to turn to precious emergency legislation to give him more power over the protesters. He did this after the Ontario Premier invoked provincial measures to give police the power to arrest members of the protest and fine them heavily. 

Now, there is controversy in Alberta about whether the premier, Jason Kenney, will invoke Bill 1 against the protesters near Coutts border crossing. Some Indigenous people have brought up the discriminatory use and creation of this bill, saying it is only used and was made to shut up the people that the government disagrees with (such as environmentalists). This puts the government in a tricky spot; if they do not invoke the Act against the truckers blocking the roads, they confirm that the issue being addressed by Indigenous people is something they don’t agree with and that they were discriminating; if they do invoke the Act, then they confirm that they do not agree with the actions of the truckers, and that the Act was only made to give more power over protesters who block public roads and disagree with them. This Act limits where people can go to protest injustice and may decrease the amount of attention they receive from the media and the government, meaning that they are more easily ignored.

The Pride parade backlash and cancellation, the use of legislation to stop Indigenous protesters, and the attempted use of emergency legislation to stop the truckers from being heard in the House of Commons all have to do with power. Right now, we are facing the height of power struggles. From COVID tensions within countries worldwide to international disputes, the anticipation and uncertainty are at an all-time high. The government and government-influenced organizations in all the above situations have exercised their self-obtained power to ignore the needs and wants of citizens and minority groups. They ignore intersectionality, they twist stories in the media to make these oppositional groups look bad, and they use their own long-held power to push away all challenges to their power. 

Prime Minister Trudeau has said in response to the truckers (before he enacted the emergency legislation) that it would be easier if they just went home. He has also threatened to freeze the bank accounts of those who continue to participate in the protests and blockades. Compounding this with the provincial measures that allow heavy fines of up to $100,000 and a year in prison, the amount of power the government is willing to exercise just to be able to ignore their citizens is kind of disproportionate to the real harm being done. 

Well, the narrative of the government during this whole pandemic has been that if we just do one more thing, if we comply one more time, we will go back to normal and have our rights and freedoms again. Two years into the pandemic, we can tell this has been largely misleading. Quite frankly, if the people participating in the stonewall riots had stopped when they were told, LGBT+ people would not be allowed to hold hands in the street without being arrested. If the black people who used white bathrooms and sat in white spots on buses had stopped so it would be “easier”, black people would still be subject to separation from whites in public and private spheres. If women had stayed at home instead of delivering a coffin to Justin Trudeau’s father’s doorstep, women would still be dying in large numbers from unsafe abortions or unhealthy childbirths. And, if the truckers give up now, this will be an instance in which the government succeeds in controlling citizens’ bodies and power relations. 

And, he shouldn’t need to worry about the truckers. They are just going to be there for two weeks to “flatten the curve” of injustice, and it will go back to normal if Trudeau just complies. (See what I did there?) A large number of people in these protests are not anti-vax, or far-right unreasonable people. The media simply chooses to focus on these people because they will get more views that are sparked out of hatred than out of happiness. The goal of these protests is to restore our right to choose what happens to our bodies.

In conclusion, all these issues are just as important is one another. If we don’t address climate change by becoming more sustainable, we will face significant disaster. If we have police domination, nobody will be safe from their biases and violence. And, if we don’t retain our rights to our bodies, our bodies won’t be ours anymore. If we stop ranking our issues in terms of personal importance, and instead begin to think of solutions that we can coordinate to solve all of them at once, we will actually find ways to achieve justice and equality among people. If we stop struggling to have power over others and switch the narrative, and instead begin working together under a model of equal power, oppression would eliminate itself. If we stop thinking in extremes and come up with solutions to satisfy all needs while maintaining sustainable lifestyles, we can actually be happy.

Credits to random people on the internet for the use of genius sarcasm in the second last paragraph. And, as always, keep thinking outside the box, and keep reading in between!

Introducing the Idea of a New Economic System

In a capitalist system, one in which there are free markets with very little government intervention, wealth is able to be hoarded and distributed unevenly. Intergenerational wealth may be accumulated, meaning that people can have it in their will that their house, car, and possessions are to be given to a certain person after the owner’s death. Life insurance money goes to the next of kin to pay off any debts, and the leftovers may be kept to pay for other things. In these systems, individual rights are prioritized, personal accomplishments or misdeeds are seen as personal issues, and success is mainly measured in wealth and fame. Some people cannot find work, or business owners do not want to hire them for whatever reason, and some people are homeless. It is obviously difficult for those who are homeless to get jobs because they do not have an address, often do not have transportation, may not have a desirable work history, and do not have professional work attire. The largest disadvantage of this system is that it takes already having money to be able to make money in the future. Grants and loans are there to help, but these are not prominent in capitalist systems because the government does not intervene in the issues of the market. However, the majority of individuals have self-determination capabilities and have individual agency over their work, body, and property. This system often has a large wealth gap between the rich and the poor, and it will keep getting wider and the middle class will continue shrinking as the markets progress. However, there is a baseline of power that an individual possesses that allows them to behave as they wish in most situations. 

In communist systems, however, there are some issues that come from doing the exact opposite of capitalism. Markets are strictly controlled by the government, if there are any markets at all, meaning that food, hygiene products, and other necessities are only able to be obtained in quantities that the government thinks are sufficient for people. In this system, wealth is not concentrated among citizens, and is instead used by the government in areas that they decide need it most. This involves people working in jobs they are told to do, almost if not all of their pay being transferred to the government, and the wealth being redistributed to other people. Those people who work only get the benefits of a portion of their work, and people who do not work still gain roughly the same benefits of those who do work. Personal property is not a thing. People share spaces, objects, wealth, and food. Wealth is theoretically evenly distributed, and theoretically all regular citizens of the working class (which means everyone not in government positions) have the same amount of power and agency over their labor, bodies, and health – none. Everyone gets the same treatment, which would definitely eliminate the marginalization common in capitalist societies (Iris Marion Young’s “Five Faces of Oppression”, 1990), but this treatment is decided by a few people with most of the power concentrated among them. People are theoretically able to protest the actions of the government, but I don’t recommend that since the government is in control of your food supply, home, and life. So, even though this is theoretically a good thing to do, it is not meant for large populations of people, especially in parts of the world where self-sufficiency is difficult due to climate and technology.

In newer versions of communism/socialism, there are some modifications to the original idea. First, instead of sharing everything, objects, spaces, and tools will be rented from the government. Everything is owned by the state, and people are only permitted to use things if they pay for it. In this system, taxes are still substantially heavier than those in capitalist societies, and above those taxes people must also pay each month or each use for certain things needed in daily life. This means that vehicles, homes, furniture, and household appliances are rented by people for personal use. Eventually, all money goes to the government, and the government uses that money to purchase necessities for all its people and to pay its working people their wage, which they then obtain all the money for again. However, there is a problem with this system. If all things are owned by the government, including the means of production, the government is essentially making and giving away things to citizens for free. If the government wanted to use any foreign materials, have its means of production in other countries, or gain investment from foreign institutions, they would need to delegate their currency to those other countries in return for goods. Many foreign investors will be extremely hesitant to invest in socialist countries because they are generally not sustainable in the long run according to history. So, in order to gain foreign materials to make the objects and food that the citizens of a country need, there is a limited amount of money and wealth that may be used. The country will eventually run out of money unless it is 100% self-sufficient, which we should know is virtually impossible given the large populations of societies today. We would need extremely high yields of crops, large amounts of farms, and huge numbers of people working on these things in order to maintain a sustainable country. 

Some countries are successfully blending the two economic approaches together along with social norms to give people a good life, such as Norway and Sweden. However, most countries and political parties in the world have either goals of being as free market as possible or as communist as possible. If one were to be achieved, people would have little mobility between classes but relatively high levels of agency, and in the other people theoretically have their needs provided for but are at the mercy of relatively few people in power. One risks celebrities and rich people running the place but the other risks a harsh dictator coming into power. One can lead to the exploitation of thousands of workers, but the other can lead to the devaluing of all citizens and inflation. In one it is seen as a life goal to work yourself to death, but the other values being at the mercy of someone else’s productivity. One is forced by the judgment of other countries to be leaders in environmental healing and social progression, but the other is forced by the competing market to always be productive and innovative and see everything as a race. I don’t see how either one of these is understood by politicians to be more desirable than the other, because they both have shown us the inequities and issues associated with them. 

Instead of thinking that we need to ban all currency and share everything with everyone, or that it is always every person for themself, we should instead adopt a new but also old type of economic system that encourages productivity but also allows for downtime. One that allows power and life chances to be distributed equally even if wealth cannot be. One that prioritizes the local community inside of a broader scope of global communication so that many issues of increasing importance can be fixed instead of worsened. 

Neither of these extreme systems work, and neither are sustainable. If we wish to help the planet, the economy, and the people and animals living on it, traditional solutions are not going to be sufficient. Instead, there are a growing number of scholars who are thinking about ways to improve social circumstances while also improving our economic situation. What works for one country may not work for another, which is why we need local scholars from all different fields and local citizens to work together to come up with a socially, environmentally, and economically responsible solution to the hardships and challenges we are facing. Division is not the way to go; diversity is valued in these situations. Diverse opinions coming together to find a happy medium is what we need right now in many parts of the world. All that needs to happen to prepare us is opening our minds and becoming dynamic thinkers. 

Until next time, keep thinking outside the box, and keep reading in between!